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The Relationship Between Judgment on Conformations of Calix[4]arenes and Their 1HNMR
In 1942, while researching new phenolic resins, Austrian chemist Zinke used para-substituted phenols in a reaction hoping to obtain a new linear phenolic resin. He reacted para-tert-butylphenol with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde under sodium hydroxide catalysis, unexpectedly obtaining a crystalline compound with a high melting point. Identification revealed that the product was not the expected linear structure, but a cyclic tetramer. Over 30 years later, American chemist Gutsche C. D. conducted in-depth research on this type of compound and named it calixarene (calix refers to the Greek Holy Grail, arene refers to aromatic hydrocarbons; the first Chinese translation was proposed by Academician Huang Zhiqiang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, see Figure 1 for a schematic diagram). The cavity size of calixarenes can be adjusted by changing the number of phenol units in the framework. Calix[4]arenes to calix[20]arenes have all been synthesized.
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